Conservation. Every block represents a transformation of energy into information. The Bitcoin network expends - of electrical power to produce a block every 10 minutes. This work is not wasted — it creates the thermodynamic basis for settlement finality.

2,099,999,999,755,528 sats. The fixed supply is the bounded phase space. Each block's coinbase selects a subset of this space, creating a measurable quantity of Shannon information: H = −p_block · ln(p_block), where p_block = coinbase / cumulative_supply. Accumulated across all blocks, this entropy is the thermodynamic signature of the chain.

Conservation identity. For any block t: ΔU_nonce(t) = ΔU_block(t). The resolution of a valid nonce and the creation of a block are not two processes but one thermodynamic event. Ublock = E_P · p_block · H, and Unonce = T_nonce · E_P · ln(D·2³²). Equating and canceling E_P gives T_nonce = p_block · H / ln(D·2³²).

Genesis block. At Genesis: p_block=1, H=0, T_block=1, T_nonce=0. The first block created no thermodynamic surprise and required no proof-of-work. Every subsequent block adds non-zero internal energy to the system. Accumulation of bits is accumulation of energy is accumulation of time.

Nonce Kelvin. T_nonce = p_block · (−p_block·ln(p_block)) / ln(D·2³²) is the exact temperature of an irreversible computational transformation. It equates the Boltzmann multiplicity of the nonce search to the Shannon information of the block it produces, scaled by the block's thermodynamic intensity p_block. This is the first quantity in physics that gives the temperature of computation from observables alone, without inference or thermal measurement.